Which phenomenon causes signal degradation in long submarine fiber optic cables traversing varied temperature gradients?

💡 Explanation

When temperature gradients exist along the cable, stimulated Brillouin scattering occurs because thermal fluctuations introduce refractive index changes that parametrically amplify backward propagating light, depleting the forward signal via nonlinear backscattering. Therefore Brillouin scattering causes signal degradation, rather than other mechanisms, which need particular design limit violations.

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