Which phenomenon limits miniaturization of CMOS transistors approaching a 5nm gate length?

💡 Explanation

When transistors shrink to near 5nm, quantum tunneling occurs because the gate insulation becomes extremely thin permitting electrons to tunnel through, regardless of applied voltage, disrupting switching behavior. Therefore gate isolation is disrupted, rather than electromigration, thermal runaway, or capacitance interference which operate under different material or scaling conditions.

• Which outcome results when a strong external magnetic field penetrates a SQUID magnetometer?
• When electron's de Broglie wavelength approaches width of conductor which mechanism causes measurable resistance increase?
• Which consequence results when molecular steric hindrance limits enzyme-substrate complex formation?
• Which restriction arises during electron transport processes, leading to inhibited oxidative phosphorylation?
• Which outcome occurs when an imperfect lens introduces aberrations?
• Which consequence results when applying improper boundary conditions the Schrödinger wave function modelling an electron confined in a quantum dot?