Which primary volcanic outcome from coastal subduction increases tsunami risk?

💡 Explanation

Caldera collapse after massive eruptions generates megatsunamis via sudden displacement, because gravitational potential energy converts efficiently into kinetic energy. Therefore a caldera collapse is the correct answer rather than smaller, localized effects of lahars or pyroclastic flows.

• Which outcome during storm surges enhances inundation severity upon low-lying islands?
• Which outcome directly reduces soil fertility after extreme rainfall?
• Which risk dramatically intensifies when a coastal levee constructed on soft, compressible soil experiences prolonged tidal loading?
• Which phenomenon primarily causes the curved trajectory of prevailing winds across different latitudes?
• Which consequence results when differential weathering weakens strata?
• Which process limits coastal upwelling efficiency during El Niño events?