Which process allowed crucible steel production in ancient India despite low-carbon iron availability?

💡 Explanation

When low-carbon iron was heated within sealed clay crucibles with carbonaceous material, repeated carburization occurred because carbon diffused into the iron over time, increasing its carbon content to create high-carbon steel. Therefore, carburization creates high-carbon crucible steel, rather than alloying, direct smelting, or oxidation which employ different chemical pathways.

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