Which process drives deep mantle upwelling due to subduction?

💡 Explanation

Slab rollback causes deep mantle upwelling because the subducting slab sinks faster than the overriding plate advances; therefore, the mantle flows to fill the void, rather than upwelling being driven solely by thermal effects.

• Which phenomenon forms stepped topography within glacial lakes?
• Which outcome is triggered when differential stress exceeds limit?
• Which pedogenic effect follows enhanced chemical weathering by increased acidity?
• Which outcome is amplified because of the Ekman spiral effect within deep coastal waters?
• Which risk increases when heavy rainfall saturates sinkhole-prone epikarst?
• Which landscape feature primarily results due to solifluction processes in regions with permafrost?