Which process initially establishes soil horizons in bedrock?

💡 Explanation

Chemical weathering breaks down parent material, because differential solubility weakens rock, forming regolith; therefore, chemical weathering is primary, rather than biological or depositional impacts that build on pre-weathered surfaces.

• Which effect increases nearshore erosion where groynes are constructed perpendicular to prevailing wave direction?
• Which phenomenon significantly reduces a river's sediment-carrying capacity when it enters a lake or ocean?
• Which outcome occurs when increased sediment accumulation exceeds a subduction trench's compressive strength?
• Which process primarily causes extensive cave network formation?
• Which outcome occurs when increased aridity reduces dust deposition vegetation?
• Which risk increases when saturated sediment underlies structures?