Which programming error most directly causes robotic joint oscillation when following sensor input?

💡 Explanation

Oscillations arise from under-damped response; `derivative term` provides damping using error signal rate. Inadequate gain leads to continued correction beyond the target, therefore oscillation rather than reduced output; integral errors correct static error.

• Which outcome from a stuck valve results when a hydraulic actuator extends fully?
• Which risk increases when transformers in a meshed power grid encounter circulating currents?
• Which outcome occurs when a high-voltage electric arc persists in a gas-insulated substation's circuit?
• Which risk increases sharply when EDFA input power is unstable?
• Which distortion arises when a microwave transmission signal encounters atmospheric temperature gradients?
• Which consequence results when a CNC lathe unexpectedly loses power during a facing operation?