Which resulting phenomenon occurs when highly viscous lava cools rapidly?

💡 Explanation

Obsidian flows, formed by rapid cooling that inhibits crystal growth, result because there's insufficient time for minerals to organize via the mechanism of rapid thermal quenching; therefore obsidian forms, rather than slower-cooled structures which allows crystallization.

• Which mechanism alters surface salinity within subtropical gyres located far from landmasses?
• Which process primarily influences the stability of fjord slopes following glacial retreat, potentially leading to landslides?
• Which process explains volcanic arc formation along the western edge of South America?
• Which effect accelerates solifluction on Arctic slopes following permafrost thaw due to rising temperatures?
• Which atmospheric phenomenon is intensified from the Foehn effect, leading to increased wildfire risk?
• Which risk significantly increases downwind when sustained tephra plumes erupt?