Which risk increases when a laser beam heats a photorefractive crystal?

💡 Explanation

Self-focusing instability increases when heating effects introduce a positive refractive index change; thus, the beam collapses, causing filamentation. Thermal lensing causes focusing rather than beam spreading; therefore, the risk of filamentation increases rather than others under heat constraints.

• Which outcome increases when the average binding energy per nucleon diminishes in isotopes heavier than iron?
• Which risk increases when fuel injection timing fluctuations induce turbulence?
• Which instability arises as impeller tip speed increases in mixed-flow pumps?
• Which limitation arises when an engine operates near absolute zero?
• Which outcome occurs when the Van't Hoff factor decreases in the reaction batch?
• Which outcome occurs when anisotropic thermal expansion fractures crystalline silicon?