Which risk increases when a PID controller tuning in a chemical reactor results in excessive integral gain?

💡 Explanation

When integral gain is excessively high, the PID controller aggressively corrects even small errors, leading to actuator saturation because the correction signal exceeds the actuator's physical limits. Therefore, the system is more prone to instability resulting from saturation, rather than thermal runaway, sensor issues, or sample contamination which are consequences of differently designed control setups.

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