Which risk increases when asynchronous contraction limits air sac volume modulation during avian flight at high altitude?

💡 Explanation

When asynchronous contraction limits air sac volume modulation, oxygen uptake decreases because less fresh air enters the parabronchi per cycle at altitude, reducing the crucial partial pressure differential driving oxygen diffusion. Therefore reduced oxygen partial pressure differential results, rather than dead space, heat loss, or aero inefficiency all requiring differing respiratory mechanics.

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