Which risk increases when glacial 'freeze-thaw' cycles erode headwalls?

💡 Explanation

Avalanche frequency increases because repeated freeze-thaw weathering causes rock fracturing and instability. This *frost wedging* detaches rocks, therefore avalanche frequency rises; rather than esker changes or tunnel erosion, these are unrelated to the headwall failure.

• Following subduction of the Juan de Fuca plate, which outcome characterizes deformation inland?
• Which mechanism causes the rapid uplift of land during a large subduction earthquake along a megathrust fault?
• Which mechanism primarily maintains gyre circulation in subtropical ocean basins?
• Which effect increases in global coastal areas as the frequency of El Niño events rises?
• Which oceanographic effect emerges with increased glacial melting?
• Which mechanism intensifies coastal upwelling when alongshore winds align parallel to continental margins near a gyre’s eastern boundary?