Which risk mostly increases when using improper preheating before welding high-carbon steel plates?

💡 Explanation

When high-carbon steel is welded without adequate preheating, rapid cooling occurs, inhibiting the diffusion of carbon. This induces non-equilibrium phase transformation from austenite to hard, brittle martensite. Therefore brittle fracture risk increases, rather than grain growth, warping, or electrode sticking which rely on entirely different heat-transfer or electrical mechanisms.

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