Which risk sharply increases above buried pipelines where fluctuating groundwater induces karstic features?

💡 Explanation

The risk is accelerated pipeline stress-corrosion cracking caused by sulfate reducing bacteria because fluctuating groundwater causes dissolution of limestone bedrock therefore sinkholes, which compromise pipeline support, also brings sulfates; rather than methane/magnetism/biofouling which aren't enhanced by sinkhole formation.

• Which risk increases in karst regions when concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) contaminate groundwater?
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• Which adverse outcome follows the loss of vegetation cover stability on thick loess deposits?