Which risk sharply increases when invasive fish lacking swim bladders outcompete native species?

💡 Explanation

When swim-bladder-deficient invasives displace native fish, benthic community structure changes because of decreased bioturbation, leading to lower invertebrate populations that rely on sediment disturbance for feeding. Therefore, diminished invertebrate biomass results, rather than nutrient accumulation, algal blooms, or stratification which require additional ecological factors.

• Which outcome increases when juvenile hormone concentration falters prematurely during a larval stage's ecdysis?
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• Which outcome occurs when a fish fills its swim bladder with CO₂ at depth?