Which seismic effect increases liquefaction risk in unconsolidated sediment deposits during earthquakes?

💡 Explanation

When Rayleigh waves pass through unconsolidated sediments, oscillation causes increased pore water pressure because grain structure destabilizes, reducing effective stress between particles leading to liquefaction. Therefore, surface oscillation poses an increased risk, rather than intensity scaling/wave arrival phenomena, which do not directly alter soil properties.

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