Which structural consequence was initially observed when the central support columns of Hagia Sophia experienced prolonged seismic activity?

💡 Explanation

When seismic activity stresses the central columns, Euler buckling occurs because the compressive load exceeds the column's critical buckling limit, causing lateral deflection and potential collapse. Therefore, column buckling results, rather than subsidence, cracking or displacement, each requiring separate geological or structural deficiencies.

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