Which structural limitation in 18th-century ship construction led to hogging and sagging failures in long voyages?

💡 Explanation

When waves flexed wooden ship hulls, inadequate longitudinal frame strength caused hogging (bow & stern high) and sagging (midships low) because the hull couldn't distribute bending stresses evenly. Therefore, longitudinal frame failure results, rather than fastener failure, decay, or drag issues, which relate to material properties, environment, or fluid dynamics.

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