Which thermodynamic consequence results when hydrogen gas rapidly expands through a throttling valve?

💡 Explanation

When hydrogen expands rapidly, a decrease in pressure usually results in a temperature change via the Joule-Thomson effect; however, hydrogen has an inversion temperature below room temperature, resulting in heating upon expansion. Therefore the temperature increases, rather than decreases, remaining constant, or increasing in pressure, all requiring an inversion above room temperature or different mechanisms.

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