Why does text with excessively tight tracking in heads-up displays (HUDs) cause misidentification, rather than simple illegibility, especially under high cognitive load for pilots?

💡 Explanation

Excessively tight tracking forces characters to visually merge, reducing the white space that allows the brain to parse individual letters. Gestalt grouping occurs because the characters are so close that the brain interprets them as a single shape, therefore feature discrimination is impaired, rather than a simple reduction in legibility or focus fatigue.

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