During a Viking raid, which outcome reduces longship speed when encountering shallow waters?

💡 Explanation

Increased wetted surface occurs, because the grounding proximity increases skin friction drag. The skin friction is the mechanism reducing speed. Therefore, there is speed loss; rather than faster speed from wave or vortex effects, this grounding acts as a mechanical obstacle.

• Which outcome occurred if Roman road builders laid paving stones directly on unstable clay soil?
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