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Which constraint causes after-burning instability in a jet engine?

A)Exceeding the flammability LEL / UEL
B)Imperfect fuel-air mixing homogeneity
C)Insufficient exhaust nozzle throat area
D)High levels of ingested water vapor

💡 Explanation

Exceeding flammability concentrations (LEL/UEL) causes after-burning instability via deflagration to detonation transition (DDT) because the mixture reactivity runaway, resulting overpressure damages the engine; therefore detonation, rather than deflagration becomes dominant under limited conditions.

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