Which effect occurs in a molecule when anti-bonding molecular orbitals are preferentially populated by electrons?

💡 Explanation

When anti-bonding orbitals are preferentially populated, the destructive interference between atomic orbitals weakens the overall bonding because electrons in these orbitals counteract the attractive forces, leading to increased bond length. Therefore, the bond length increases, rather than conductivity, reactivity, or vibrational frequency which are influenced by different electronic distributions.

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