Which mechanism causes equilibrium shift in Haber-Bosch process at constant volume when inert gas is added?

💡 Explanation

Adding inert gas at constant volume does not change the partial pressures of the reactants and products, so Le Chatelier's principle predicts no shift in equilibrium because activities remain unchanged. Therefore total pressure increase has no impact, rather than dilution, increased reaction rate, or temperature effects each requiring activity changes.

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