Which mechanism drives ocean density and upwelling disruption during El Niño events?

💡 Explanation

During El Niño, weakened trade winds decrease westward surface current flow across the Pacific because reduced wind shear slows the normal upwelling of colder, nutrient-rich water. Therefore limited upwelling results as warmer surface water reduces density-driven circulation, rather than salinity changes, cyclone mixing, or glacial melt which involve other dynamics.

• Which consequence results on coastal currents because of Ekman transport?
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• Which mechanism causes fjords to exhibit anoxic conditions in their deep waters?
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• Which cave formation increases when soluble rock dissolves?
• Which mechanism increases flood extent past a levee during a prolonged river flood?