Which outcome changed navigational estimates because of the adoption of epicycles in Islamic astronomical models?

💡 Explanation

Adoption of epicycles in astronomy refined the Geocentric model leading to improvements in the Geometric trigonometry calculations of the the qibla; therefore, the qibla achieved higher precision using epicycles, rather than stellar parallax because early instruments lacked the sensitivity.

• During celestial navigation with an 18th-century sextant on a rolling ship, which consequence results from temporarily unleveling the instrument during a sight?
• Which consequence occurs when a navigator misaligns a sextant's mirrors?
• Which outcome arises when using complex algebra incorrectly to orient an astrolabe during al-Ṣūfī's time?
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• Which consequence arose due to the increased brittleness characteristic of early Song Dynasty cast iron agricultural implements?