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Which outcome develops when excessive high-frequency voltage is applied across a ceramic capacitor?

A)Dielectric heating induces thermal runaway
B)Electrode migration causes internal shorting
C)Equivalent series resistance decreases linearly
D)Capacitance value increases due to polarization

💡 Explanation

When excessive high-frequency voltage is applied, dielectric losses increase due to polarization reversal, leading to dielectric heating which increases exponentially with temperature and can cause thermal runaway. Therefore, thermal runaway results, rather than electrode migration, ESR reduction, or capacitance increase, which have other driving mechanisms.

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