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← ScienceWhich outcome occurs when a germanium crystal is rapidly cooled?
A)Vacancy defects increase exponentially.✓
B)Dopant atoms redistribute uniformly.
C)Intrinsic carrier concentration stabilizes faster.
D)Dislocation density decreases to zero.
💡 Explanation
When cooling quickly, atoms lack time to reach equilibrium positions, therefore vacancy defects increase exponentially rather than atoms diffusing to ordered locations because thermal energy drives atom migration causing this microscopic imperfection.
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