Which outcome occurs when lateral torsional buckling (LTB) exceeds the allowable limit in a steel I-beam under a bending load?

💡 Explanation

A reduction in beam stiffness initiates through lateral torsional buckling (LTB) beyond allowable limits, because the beam section twists/deforms → reduced resistance to bending. Therefore, stiffness is lost rather than tension increasing or shear capacity improving; these outcomes represent different failure modes.

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