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Which outcome results when electrostatic discharge (ESD) exceeds capacitor dielectric strength?

A)Dielectric breakdown occurs permanently
B)Equivalent series resistance decreases tenfold
C)Internal temperature fluctuation self-corrects
D)Capacitance value linearly increases slowly

💡 Explanation

Dielectric breakdown is permanent destruction via ESD exceeding rated voltage because the intense electric field overwhelms the material's insulating ability, forming a conductive path between capacitor plates due to impact ionization; therefore component failure occurs rather than resistance shift, temperature regulation, or incremental value increase.

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