Which risk increases when a large-eddy simulation (LES) model neglects subgrid-scale kinetic energy backscatter in turbulent systems?

💡 Explanation

When LES models neglect backscatter, kinetic energy dissipates artificially from the resolved to unresolved scales because the subgrid-scale model excessively removes energy instead of allowing the appropriate inverse transfer. Therefore, artificial damping increases; rather than accurate Reynolds stress because LES underestimates this production, and other instabilities arise from other numerical artifacts.

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