Which risk increases when a pulsed laser-induced forward transfer is performed in vacuum?

💡 Explanation

Ablation plume expansion velocity greatly increases in a vacuum because there's practically no ambient gas to slow it. The mechanism is Knudsen diffusion; therefore the arrival of the ablated plume at the target is faster, generating lower-quality transfer, rather than other material changes in the process.

• Which outcome diminishes reactivity when alkenes undergo hydrogenation?
• Which outcome during rapid sublimation causes decreased equipment lifespan?
• Which mechanism causes edge fringing in refractive optics?
• Which risk elevates when shortwave diathermy power increases?
• Which outcome occurs when a substitutional impurity disrupts a semiconductor's lattice periodicity?
• Which outcome happens at silicon's surface via dangling bonds?