Which risk increases when the effective length factor for a steel column exceeds code limits?

💡 Explanation

When the effective length factor exceeds limits, the column’s stability decreases because it is more likely to buckle under applied loads, especially axially, reducing its load-bearing capacity according to Euler's buckling theory. Therefore buckling risk increases, rather than shear failure, concrete spalling, or torsional deformation which involve different load conditions and material properties.

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