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Which risk increases when the universal gas constant is incorrectly calibrated in a chemical reactor’s control system?

A)Runaway reaction thermal instability
B)Catalyst poisoning reduced selectivity
C)Equilibrium shift insufficient conversion
D)Flow rate sensor signal damping

💡 Explanation

A miscalibrated gas constant leads to inaccurate temperature and pressure calculations for the reactor; this means heat removal will fail, raising the possibility of a runaway reaction via thermal instability because temperature is uncontrolled, therefore it overwhelms the cooling system, rather than shifting equilibrium.

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