Which structural problem contributed to frequent rebuilds in early wooden sailing ships prone to hogging?

💡 Explanation

When a ship 'hogs', the keel bends upwards at bow and stern relative to the center. This occurs because an undersized keel offers insufficient resistance to longitudinal bending forces, leading to structural failure. Therefore having an undersized keel bending caused deformation, rather than caulking, fastenings, or ventilation which affect different modes of failure.

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