Which outcome is most likely when molecular mimicry bypasses thymic selection and regulatory T cell (Treg) activity is insufficient after a Streptococcus infection?

💡 Explanation

Autoimmune rheumatic fever arises because molecular mimicry between streptococcal antigens and cardiac tissue can activate self-reactive T cells. Insufficient Treg activity fails to suppress these autoreactive cells, therefore autoimmunity develops, rather than pathogen clearance or immune suppression which require effective, not misdirected, immune regulation.

• If a chronic pain patient experiences increased pain despite consistent opioid dosage, which mechanism is most likely responsible for this phenomenon in dorsal horn nociceptor signaling?
• Why does severe insulin resistance often coincide with elevated triglyceride levels in patients with metabolic syndrome?
• Why does adaptation to capsaicin (in chili peppers) require progressively higher concentrations to achieve the same perceived intensity of 'heat' over time?
• Why does the luteal phase exhibit relatively stable progesterone levels, rather than precipitous drops as follicles degrade?
• If a patient has a mutation causing constitutively active type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase (D2) in their astrocytes, which consequence follows in thyroid hormone regulation?
• Why does a subsequent exposure to pollen provoke a stronger allergic reaction in sensitized individuals compared to the initial exposure?